What is the primary technique used in behavior therapy, as developed by Joseph Wolpe?

• A. Life-script analysis
• B. Cohesiveness
• C. Behavior modification
• D. Norm setting

Answer: (C)

The primary technique used in behavior therapy, as developed by Joseph Wolpe, is behavior modification. This approach focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through the use of various reinforcement strategies and behavior techniques. Wolpe is particularly known for his development of systematic desensitization, which is a method that helps clients gradually face and overcome their fears by substituting relaxation responses for anxiety responses.

Behavior modification involves the systematic application of learning principles, such as reinforcement and punishment, to alter behaviors in a desired way. The goal is to reinforce positive behaviors while discouraging negative ones, thereby facilitating behavioral change. This technique is rooted in the principles of classical and operant conditioning, which are foundational to behavior therapy.

The other options do not directly relate to the primary techniques established by Wolpe in the context of behavior therapy. Life-script analysis suggests a focus on personal narratives and scripts, cohesiveness refers to the social dynamics within groups, and norm setting pertains to establishing acceptable behaviors within a group context, none of which are the core techniques used by Wolpe in behavior therapy.