What school of thought is Horney associated with?

• A. Neo-Freudian
• B. Behaviorism
• C. Cognitive Psychology
• D. Positive Psychology

Answer: (A)

Karen Horney is primarily associated with the Neo-Freudian school of thought. This perspective evolved from traditional Freudian concepts, integrating and reshaping them with a focus on interpersonal relationships and social influences. Horney is known for her critique of Freud's theories, particularly regarding female psychology and the understanding of neurosis, which she argued stemmed from social and cultural factors rather than inherent biological drives.

By emphasizing the role of cultural and societal issues in the development of personality, Horney contributed significantly to the Neo-Freudian movement, which sought to expand upon and, at times, diverge from Freud's original theories. This approach allows for a broader consideration of human behavior that includes an understanding of the self in relation to its environment, rather than a strict focus on psychosexual stages or unconscious conflicts alone. Horney's work on concepts such as basic anxiety and the importance of self-actualization further solidifies her place in this school of thought.