Which psychologist is associated with the concepts of id, ego, and superego?

• A. Jung
• B. Kohlberg
• C. Freud
• D. Maslow

Answer: (C)

The concepts of id, ego, and superego are foundational elements of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Freud proposed that the human psyche is structured into three parts, where the id represents the innate and primal desires, the ego serves as the mediator that balances the id's impulses with reality and societal expectations, and the superego embodies the moral standards and ideals acquired from parental and societal influences. This tripartite model explains how individuals navigate their internal conflicts between instinctual urges, moral reasoning, and rational thought. Freud's work laid the groundwork for understanding human behavior and personality development, which is why he is the psychologist most closely associated with these concepts.

In contrast, Carl Jung focused on concepts like the collective unconscious and archetypes; Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his stages of moral development; and Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs theory, which emphasizes self-actualization and psychological growth rather than the structural model of personality.