Which sampling method gives all members of the population an equal chance of being selected?

• A. Stratified Sampling
• B. Simple Random Sampling
• C. Systematic Sampling
• D. Convenience Sampling

Answer: (B)

Simple random sampling is the method that ensures all members of a population have an equal chance of being selected. This technique involves randomly choosing individuals from the entire population without any restrictions or pre-selection criteria. Each member's chance of being chosen is the same, which helps to eliminate bias and ensures that the sample accurately reflects the diversity and characteristics of the entire population.

In contrast, stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics and then samples from these strata. This method can introduce bias if not all strata are adequately represented.

Systematic sampling involves selecting members based on a fixed interval from a randomly chosen starting point, which can also lead to uneven representation if there is an underlying pattern in the population.

Convenience sampling relies on selecting individuals who are easily accessible rather than ensuring they are representative of the entire population, which can lead to significant bias and unrepresentative samples.

The principle behind simple random sampling is foundational in research design, as it provides a robust basis for generalizing findings from the sample to the population.