Who is considered the father of guidance?

• A. Moreno
• B. Glasser
• C. Parsons
• D. Freud

Answer: (C)

The designation of the father of guidance is primarily attributed to Frank Parsons. He was a pioneer in the field of vocational guidance and is known for his significant contributions to career counseling. In the early 20th century, Parsons established the foundations of vocational guidance when he founded the Boston Vocational Bureau in 1908. His work emphasized the importance of helping individuals understand their interests and abilities in relation to job opportunities.

Parsons also created a systematic approach to career counseling, notably through his model that included understanding oneself, understanding occupational information, and the integration of both to make informed career decisions. This model has influenced how career counseling is approached today, highlighting the foundational nature of his contributions to the field of guidance and counseling.

The other individuals listed, while influential in psychology and counseling, do not hold the same recognition specifically in the area of guidance as Parsons. Moreno contributed to the development of psychodrama, Glasser is known for reality therapy, and Freud is recognized for his development of psychoanalysis, making their work distinct from the vocational and guidance-focused contributions of Parsons.